Dialectology is a discipline of linguistics that examines the geographical and sociolinguistic variation of languages in space. Dialectology usually only considers the location of linguistic variation without considering other geographical aspects that can be measured. This article presents the results of an investigation into the existence of a relevant quantitative relationship between linguistic and geographic variables through the design of a spatial model that incorporates lexical data from the Atlas Lingüístico-Etnográfico de Colombia (Linguistic-Ethnographic Atlas of Colombia) (ALEC), metadata collected during the expedition of the atlas and public information on different geographic phenomena regarding the explored territories. Among the results, the evaluation explained by the spatial autocorrelation index suggested that the variables: agro-climatic suitability, precipitation, geographic distance, and access roads show the most significant bivariate spatial dependence concerning linguistic distance. Furthermore, the treatment of this interaction within the geographic autoregressive mixed model of spatial regression ratified this dependence, thus confirming the relationship between linguistic variation and geographic phenomena.